Opera, Nikola Šubić Zrinjski - Ivan Zajc
Nikola Šubić Zrinjski zacijelo je najpopularnije hrvatsko glazbeno scensko djelo. Oznaku narodnog djela zavrijedilo je povijesnim konotacijama te mu i zbog toga pripada aura umjetničke tvorevine za sva vremena. O strogo glazbenoj vrijednosti toga djela, odnosno o nekim manjkavostima libreta, mnogi su povjesničari glazbe, muzikolozi i kritičari rekli svoje. Zrinjski je, međutim, prošao mnoge kušnje vremena, estetičkih i inih prosudbi, te uspio prebroditi negativne ocjene izrečene glazbenom i pjesničkom tekstu. Danas mu, međutim, više ne treba obrana. Djelo govori samo za sebe.
Praizvedba Zrinjskog (libreto Hugo Badalić) bila je 4. studenoga 1876. u Zagrebu u tadašnjem Narodnom kazalištu. Dirigirao je sam autor. U riječkim dnevnim novinama La bilancia četiri dana kasnije objavljen je kratki prikaz u kojem se Riječani prisjećaju Zajca i smatraju ga svojim: "Nikola Šubić Zrinjski. Ovo je naziv novoga djela (glazbene trilogije) vrijednog našeg sugrađanina, maestra Zajca, predstavljenog prvi put prošle sedmice u Narodnom kazalištu u Zagrebu, na libreto gospodina Badalića. Uzdržavajući se izvijestiti o vrijednosti nove partiture, jer su nas o tome obavijestili zagrebački listovi, kao i prijemu kod tamošnje publike, utvrđujemo sa zadovoljstvom da je, po Agramer Zeitungu, vrijedni umjetnik doživio brojne ovacije, koje su dostigle vrhunac kad su se poslije treće slike na prosceniju ukazali predstavnici pjevačkog društva Kolo i poklonili kompozitoru veličanstvenu krunu, ukrašenu kićenom vrpcom nacionalnih boja."
Nikola Šubić Zrinjski
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKhDDJ7HP-8&feature=related
Topkapı Palace,rezidencija Sulejmana Veličanstvenog
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topkapı_Palace
fotosi I štiva
http://www.google.com/search?q=topkapi+saray+istanbul&hl=en&client=opera&hs=Zcy&sa=X&rls=en&channel=suggest&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=pjePT-C8DoLYsgb3xvCZCQ&ved=0CDoQsAQ&biw=991&bih=637
The Topkapi Palace
- The Harem
http://www.tunliweb.no/Bilder_SM/_album_istanbul/IMG_6821_1024pixel.jpg
The Imperial Hall is
a domed hall in the Harem, believed to have been built in the late 16th
century. It has the largest dome in the palace. The hall served as the official
reception hall of the Sultan as well as for the entertainment of the Harem.
Here the Sultan received his confidants, guests, his mother, his first wife,
consorts, and his children. Entertainments, paying of homage during religious
festivals, and wedding ceremonies took place here in the presence of the members
of the dynasty.
Topkapi Palace
After the conquest of
Istanbul,
Mehmet the Conqueror chose a site on the Forum Tauri - Beyazit Square for his first palace. So
called "Old Palace" is referred to in the
sources as a walled complex, altough no traces of it now remain. It features,
however in some old maps and plans of Istanbul,
on the site of the present University
Of Istanbul main
building.
It is though that the
walls surrounding the university building follow the original walls of the
palace, while the main portal is thought to have been where the present
ent rance is. Another portal looked out
to Süleymaniye Mosque. After the construction of Topkapi Palace,
the old palace became the abode of the members of the Sultan's harem who had
lost favour of the wives of previous sultans.
At one point it is
known to have have had a broad eaved Baroque portal. Not long fater the
conquest, Mehmet II began the construction of a new palace at Seraglio Point,
wich became known as Topkapi Sarayi after a shore palace near the Cannon Gate
(Topkapi.) of the sea walls. The walls surrounding the point, which known as
the first hill of the city , were 1400 ms in lenght.The old Byzantine sea walls
on the Sea Of Marmara and the Golden Horn were linked up with land walls
enclosing the palace, known as the Sur-i Sultani, and supported by 28 towers.
The main gate was the imperial gate "Bab-i Hümayun" behind the
Ayasofya. The gate was formerly surmounted by a keep which was later removed.
The flanking bays in
the gate were also revetted in marble. The new palace was begun within these
walls between 1472 - 1478, and construction continued thougthout successive
eras with additions being made right up to the mid. 19 century. The palace
complex inculudes lodges, pavilionsi state offices, dormitories and barracks
and private quarters, a mosque, library and huge kitchen, The last pavilion to
be built on the site was the Mecidiye Köskü which is at present open to the
public as a restaurant. Several pavilions and villas in the palace grounds on
the point were burnt down during a fire in 1863. All trace of them was lost on
the construction of present railway at Sirkeci.
In the first court,
entered though the Bab-i. Hümayun, only two imperial pavilions have survived in
good repair. Topkapi
Palace became a museum in
1924. It has undergone a number of restorations since then. The first
courtyard, also known as Ceramonial
Court - Alay
Meydani., contains on the right the offices of Ministry Of Finance - Defterdar
Dairesi and on the left. Hagia Eirene the Ottoman armoury. The road leading to
the second gate passes between these two buildings. The second portal, which is
flanked by towers, is the Bab-üs Selam -The Gate Of Respects- which dated
originally from the period of Conqueror. but which underwent some alterations
to the towers during the reign of Süleyman I. During the reign of Mustafa II. a
broad aeved bay was added to the inner facade of the portal. Entering through
this gate, one passes into the second court which marks in the true enterance
into the grounds of the so called Saray-i. Cedid (New Palace). On the right of
this court are the pantry guards' barracks, the kitchens built by the architect
Sinan, the cook's domitories, a bath, the chief stewards's office and the
larder. On the left a road slopes down to the barracks of the Crestes
Halberdiers adn the imperial stables, the livery treasury and the Mosque of
Besir Aga. Further along the court on the left are the double domed chambers
which housed the Imperial Council Of Viziers .This was built by Süleyman I, and
it was from here that the state was ruled for a long time. A rectangular tower
abutts onto the domed chambers. This was the palace watch tower It was built in
the time of Mehmet I but later altered. The upper storey was timber-built until
1860. The tower was given its present apperance during the reign of Abdülmecid.
The Harem is entered
via a door beside the domed chamber, and to the right is the entrance to the
imperial records office.
The gate at the other
end of the second court, the Gate of the White Eunichs, gives access to the
third court, the privy court or Enderun. This gate dates from the reign of
Selim III, and has a broad eaves. It was under the eaves of this portal that
the imperial throne was set during court ceremonies such as those of
alliegance, religious celebrations and public audiences. The imperial pennant
was erected here too at certain times. The gate was flanked by the chamber and
barracks of the White Eunichs.
The third court
contained the Throne Room. The building dates from the reign of Mehmet II,
altough the door and decorations date to the 19 century. The overhanging eaves
of the building are eleganted to cover a columned arcade, and the walls are
recetted with faience.
The building was used
mainly for imperial audiences to viziers and foreing envoys. Behind the throne
room is the library of Ahmet III - Enderun Kütüphanesi. It is the largest and
finest library in the palace. On the right of the court was the Enderun school,
artists' and musicians atelier, the barracks of the Campaign Pages, the
Treasury, formerly a pavilion in the time of Mehmet II and the remains of a
bathhouse dating from the reign of Selim II. On the left of the court is the
Treasury of the Sword-bearer. (Silahtaragasi.) and the apartments of the sacred
relics. Further to the left is the vaulted mosque of the white eunichs. The
Aka..alar mosque has been restored and now houese books and manuscripts
collected from all parts of the palace, as the Topkapi. Museums Library.
The sultan's private
kitchen is a small building behind the mosque adjacent to the second entrance
of the Harem. Two slightly ramped alleys lead from the third to the fourth
courtyard. Flanking the alley to the right barracks of the cellar slaves( Now
the administrative offices of the palace.) and the barracks of the treasury
guards. To the left of the alley on the left are the chambers of the scared
relics. The fourth court is a spacious garden, sometimes called the tulip
garden - a misnomer based on the word "lale". The actual title is the
"Lala's garden". The chief court physician, or Lala's tower is set on
the edge of the terrace overlooking a lower terrace garden. This was the palace
pharmacy. On a terrace wall a litte further on from the tower is the pavilion of
Mustafa Pacha, also known as the Sofa, which dates to the beginning of the 18
century. It is a fine example of Turkish tradition, decorated with
occidental-inspired motifs.
To the left of the
court is a stone paved terrace adjoining the chambers of the sacred relics. The
terrace extends from the arcade fronting the chambers, and contains an
attractive pool. It is reached from the gardens via short flight of steps
abutting onto Revan Pavilion, also called Sevk Odas1., which was built by Murat
IV in 163. This is an extremely finely decorated pavilion. Manuscripts
originally kept in bookcases in the pavilion were later transferred to the
museum library. At the end of the terrace on the right, dominating the wiev of
the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus is the Baghdad Pavilion, built after Murat
IV's second conquest and interior, decorative dome and vaults and mother of
pearl inlayed doors are among the most striking of its elegant attributes.
At the edge of the
terrace overlooking the city and Golden Horn
is gilded bronze baldachin, which has four fine columns supporting an eaved
cupola. Along the eaves runs an inscription frieze containing a long poem which
informs us that the baldachin was built by Sultan Ibrahim as a place of vigil.
Below it is the figgrove, or lower garden.
To the left of the
terrace, just opposite the chambers of the relics is a small chamber known as
the Cicumcision room. This was built by Sultan Ibrahim in 1641, and is
decorated with fine tile panels dating to the 16 century but which are reused
on this building. The window panles contain small fountains and a long poemis
inscribed on the facade.
Two pavilios of note
are also to be found on the Marmara side of the fourth court, the Çadir
Pavilion and the Mecidiye Pavilion built by Abdülmecit I. The letter is
European in style and is the final building to be built in the palace complex.
It is flanked by a small wardrobe room (Esvap Odasi) and a small chapel mosque
with minaret (The Sofa Mosque). A path leads down the terrace from the Mecidiye
Pavilion to a gate which gives access to the outer gardens of palace also known
as Gülhane Park. A large number of pavilions and royal summer villas were once
to be found in the seraglio gardens, but were brunt down during a fire in 1863,
and all trace of them disappeared during the building of the Sirkeci railway
which passed through the promontory at this point. Some drawings and plans of
these pavilions do, however, exist.